This paper aims at providing an account of the vulnerable groups and outlines how the process of decentralization can have potential consequences on them. The research develops a classification of the vulnerable groups based on the vulnerability criteria. It systematizes existing evidence from the national and international sources on the factual existence of the groups, discusses the concerns led to their vulnerability identification and reviews possible underlying causes behind these groups’ status of vulnerability. It tries to make an expert assessment on the potential positive and negative implications for the decentralization on these groups.